The Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata) is one of the most treasured trees in British Columbia, both for its beauty and its incredible usefulness. Known as the “Tree of Life” by many Indigenous cultures, it has played a crucial role in BC’s history, economy, and ecology for thousands of years.
This majestic evergreen is found primarily in the coastal rainforests, where it thrives in the cool, wet climate. Some of these trees have been standing for over 1,500 years, making them among the oldest living trees in North America. Whether admired for its aromatic wood, its towering presence, or its deep cultural significance, the Western Red Cedar is truly at the heart of BC’s forests.
Recognizing Western Red Cedar
Western Red Cedar is easy to identify, even for those unfamiliar with tree species. Instead of having needles like firs or spruces, it has flat, scale-like leaves arranged in fan-like sprays. When crushed, these leaves give off a pleasant, earthy fragrance.
The tree’s bark is another standout feature—it is reddish-brown and peels away in long strips. This bark is not just for show; it has been used by Indigenous peoples for rope, clothing, and even medicine.
Perhaps the most impressive trait of Western Red Cedar is its natural resistance to decay. Unlike most trees, it produces special oils that prevent rot, making its wood ideal for construction, particularly for outdoor projects like decks, fences, and boats.
Cultural Importance of Western Red Cedar
Long before European settlers arrived, Indigenous peoples of BC had already been using Western Red Cedar for countless purposes. It was used to build longhouses, totem poles, canoes, and even ceremonial masks. The inner bark was woven into mats and blankets, and its branches were used in purification rituals.
To many Indigenous groups, this tree was sacred—a giver of life, shelter, and warmth. Even today, it remains deeply woven into cultural traditions and practices.
An Essential Part of BC’s Ecosystem
Western Red Cedar is not just valuable to humans—it also plays a crucial role in forest ecosystems. Because it grows so large and lives so long, it provides shelter and food for countless species, from birds to insects to fungi.
Even after a Western Red Cedar dies, its fallen logs continue to provide life. These logs, called nurse logs, decay slowly and act as a foundation for new plant growth. This ability to sustain life long after death makes the Western Red Cedar one of the most ecologically important trees in British Columbia.
Fun Facts About Western Red Cedar
- The largest Western Red Cedars can grow up to 70 meters (230 feet) tall and live over 1,500 years.
- The wood is naturally resistant to rot and insects, making it ideal for outdoor structures.
- Western Red Cedar’s inner bark was traditionally used by Indigenous peoples to make ropes, mats, and clothing.
- The tree’s scent is used in essential oils and natural insect repellents.
- Unlike most evergreens, Western Red Cedar’s leaves are soft, flat, and feathery.
Conclusion
From its towering presence in BC’s rainforests to its deep cultural significance and incredible longevity, the Western Red Cedar truly is the heart of British Columbia’s forests. It continues to shape the landscape and support life, making it one of the most remarkable trees in the world.